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Kreis Czarnikau / Netzekreis

Landkreis Scharnikau (Wartheland) / Czarnikau County

The Prussian-German Landkreis (County) Scharnikau and the former counties “Czarnikau” and “Filehne” existed between 1818 and 1945.

On January 1st, 1945 the Landkreis Scharnikau (Czarnikau) consisted of 2 towns and 58 villages / communities.

History

Kingdom of Prussia

After the complete reorganisation of the county and district administrations in Prussia as a consequence of the Vienna Congress (the peace congress after the French Revolution and Napoleon’s war) the “Kreis Czarnikau (Czarnikau County)” was established on January 1st, 1818 as part of the district of “Bromberg (Bydgoszcz)” in the Prussian province of Posen (Poznan). It covered the towns of “Czarnikau”, “Filehne” and “Schönlanke” and many rural communities. Initially the administration was located in the town of Schneidemühl (Kreis Chodziesen). Later the district administration was in the town of Czarnikau.

Norddeutscher Bund (North German Federation) / Deutsches Reich (German Reich)

Since October 1st, 1867 the Czarnikau County belonged to the North German Federation and from January 1st, 1871 to the German Reich.

On October 1st, 1887 the Kreis Czarnikau was disbanded and split into two counties: Czarnikau and Filehne. The Czarnikau County covered the towns of Czarnikau and Schönlanke and several surrounding communities. The administration was located in the town of Czarnikau.

Poland

After the Versail Treaty (WW I Peace Treaty) was put into force on January 10th, 1920 the parts south of the river Netze (Notec) belonged to Poland. The Polish name is Czarnków. The areas north of the river Netze were joined into the new established Netzekreis (Netze County).

Deutsches Reich / Großdeutsches Reich (German Reich)

After the occupation of Poland by the German Reich, the Polish County of Czarnków belonged with its German name Czarnikau to the new “Reichsgau Posen (Poznan) (Reichsgau = Nazi term for province)”, later “Wartheland” in the “Regierungsbezirk (administrative district) Posen“. Later the name Czarnikau (a Slavic name) was changed into Scharnikau. Since May 21st, 1941 the official name of the county was “Scharnikau (Wartheland)”.

In spring 1945 the Czarnikau County was occupied by Russian Forces (Red Army) and came under Polish administration.

Names of towns and villages

After the occupation of the Polish Czarnków County by the German Reich in WW II all towns and villages were renamed to their German names. This was possible, because all German maps still showed the former German names of places in Poland, as they were before 1920.

Source: Wikipedia (http://www.wikipedia.org) (German only)

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Netzekreis (Netze County)

The German-Prussian Netzekreis existed between 1919 and 1945. County capitol was Schönlanke.

On January 1st the Netzekreis consisted of 2 towns, 57 villages / communities and 4 estates.

History

Deutsches Reich (German Reich) / Großdeutsches Reich

After end of World War I large parts of the Prussian province of Posen (Poznan) were occupied by Poland, even before peace negotiations were completed. With effect of August 2nd, 1919 the remaining parts of the former counties “Czarnikau”, “Filehne” and “Kolmar in Posen” were temporarily administrated by the Schönlanke administration. On November 20th, 1919 the remaining parts of the counties “Czarnikau”, “Filehne” and “Kolmar in Posen” were assigned to the administration of the “Verwaltungsbezirk Grenzmark Westpreußen-Posen (rough translation: district administration “Border Region Western Prussia and Posen”)” in Schneidemühl. On December 15th, 1919 they were joined to the “Netzekreis”.

With effect of January 10th, 1920 the Versail Treaty (WW I Peace Treaty) was put into force. So, all areas of the former Prussian counties “Czarnikau”, “Filehne” and “Kolmar in Posen” south of the river Netze (Notec) belonged to Poland, while the remainder north of the river Netze belonged to the German Reich. On January 11th, 1921 the province administration was renamed from “Grenzmark Westpreußen-Posen” to “Grenzmark Posen-Westpreußen”. On July 1st, 1922 all regulations according to the Versail Treaty were completed and the new Prussian “Province Grenzmark Posen-Westpreußen” was established, and the Netzekreis was subordinate to it. On August 1st, 1922 the “Grenzmark Westpreußen-Posen” was subordinate to the “Regierungsbezirk (administrative district) Schneidemühl”.

With effect of September 30th, 1929 in the Netzekreis and other parts of Prussia a reorganization of the district administrations took place. The independent estates were disbanded and joined with the communities. Some years later, on October 1st, 1938 the province “Grenzmark Posen-Westpreußen” was disbanded and the Netzekreis was subordinate to the province of “Pommern” (Pommerania). The “Regierungsbezirk (administrative district) Schneidemühl” was renamed to „Regierungsbezirk Grenzmark Posen-Westpreußen“. In spring 1945 the Netzekreis was occupied by Russian Forces (Red Army) and came under Polish administration.

Source: Wikipedia (http://www.wikipedia.org) (German only)

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